Science education goals and curriculum designs in American and Chinese High Schools   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhixin Su  Suzanne Goldstein  Jilin Su 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1995,41(5):371-388

This paper reports findings from a comparative study of science education goals and curriculum designs in American and Chinese high schools, based on data gathered from a survey of Chinese educationists who came to the USA as visiting scholars between 1991 and 1994. The ideal goals of science education are similar in the USA and China, but the real emphases are quite different in the two nations' schools. In curriculum design, American science education has wider scope but much less depth than its Chinese counterpart. These differences are also reflected in text-books and classroom activities. Implications for change in science education are discussed for both American and Chinese high schools.

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Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel befaßt sich mit den Ergebnissen einer vergleichenden Studie zu den Zielen der wissenschaftlichen Erziehung und Curriculumsentwürfen in amerikanischen und chinesischen Hochschulen; basierend auf einer Studie chinesischer Erziehungswissenschaftler, die zwischen 1991 und 1994 als Gastschüler in die USA kamen. Die Idealziele wissenschaftlicher Erziehung sind in den USA and in China gleich, aber die reale Umsetzung ist in den Schulen beider Nationen sehr unterschiedlich. Im Curriculumsentwurf hat die wissenschaftliche Erziehung der Amerikaner einen breiteren Umfang aber weniger Tiefgang als die ihrer chinesisischen Kollegen. Diese Unterschiede zeigen sich auch in Textbüchern und Aktivitäten im Klassenraum. Diskutiert werden anschließend Änderungsvorschläge sowohl für amerikanische als auch für chinesische Hochschulen.

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Résumé L'article commente les résultats d'une étude comparative entre les Etats-Unis et la Chine sur les objectifs de l'enseignement scientifique et l'élaboration des programmes correspondants. Ces résultats proviennent de données collectées lors d'une enquête réalisée par des pédagogues chinois séjournant dans des lycées américains entre 1991 et 1994. Les objectifs théoriques fixés pour l'enseignement des sciences correspondent dans les deux pays, mais les applications pratiques divergent notablement. En ce qui concerne la structure des programmes, l'enseignement américain est plus vaste mais moins approfondi que son équivalent chinois. Cette différence se reflète également dans les manuels scolaires et les activités en classe. S'ensuit une discussion sur les conséquences qu'aurait une révision de l'enseignement de cette matière dans les lycées des deux pays.

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Sumario Este trabajo informa los resultados de un estudio que compara los objetivos de la educación y los delineamientos de currículo de las universidades estadounidenses y chinas, basándose en datos recogidos de un informe confeccionade por especialistas en pedagogía chinos que permanecieron en los EE UU entre 1991 y 1994 como eruditos invitados. Si bien los objetivos ideales de los estudios científicos son similares en los EEUU y en China, los énfasis reales son bastante diferentes en los sistemas de ambas naciones. en el delineamiento del currículo americano, la educaíon científica presenta una gama más amplia, pero mucho menos profunda que la de su equivalente china. Estas diferencias también se reflejan en los libres de textos y en las actividades en las aulas. Se están discutiendo las consecuencias para un cambio en la educación científica, tanto para universidades estadounidenses como para las chinas.

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Processing procedural documents: A cognitive model for following written directions     

John T. Guthrie  Stan Bennett  Shelley Weber 《Educational Psychology Review》1991,3(3):249-265

This paper reviews empirical literature on how people use documents to perform tasks. We examine studies that have been published under the topics of: following written directions, reading maps, following instructions, using job performance aids, and processing procedural texts. Documents that contain a procedure, such as a set of directions, require transformation of information. Such transformation frequently requires converting a procedure represented verbally in a text into a procedure represented behaviorally in a performance. To accomplish this transformation, we propose that students must: (a) form a conceptual model of the performance; (b) encode procedures from the document; (c) engage in self-testing; and (d) conduct self-corrections to repair mistakes. We further propose that these operations are performed most efficiently with distinctive information resources. An overview of the task is likely to be most effective in facilitating conceptual model formation. Procedural information that emphasizes temporal characteristics of the performance will facilitate the encoding of procedures. A representation of the outcome (usually graphic) improves self-testing, and the comparison of the outcome with progress in the workspace leads to most effective self-correction. This process-resource interaction minimizes the number and complexity of transformations required to process procedural documents.  相似文献   

A Dialogical Approach to Understanding: Horizontal Evaluation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrew Gitlin  Stanley Goldstein 《Educational theory》1987,37(1):17-27

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Education deans’ perspectives on factors contributing to their longevity     

Wepner  Shelley B.  Henk  William A. 《Tertiary Education and Management》2020,26(4):381-395

Tertiary Education and Management - This study explored the construct of longevity for education deans and the perceived impact that endurance in the role exerts on the welfare of schools and...  相似文献   

Letter names, letter sounds and phonological awareness: an examination of kindergarten children across letters and of letters across children     

Mary Ann Evans  Michelle Bell  Deborah Shaw  Shelley Moretti  Jodi Page 《Reading and writing》2006,19(9):959-989

In this study 149 kindergarten children were assessed for knowledge of letter names and letter sounds, phonological awareness, and cognitive abilities. Through this it examined child and letter characteristics influencing the acquisition of alphabetic knowledge in a naturalistic context, the relationship between letter-sound knowledge and letter-name knowledge, and the prediction of Grade 1 phonological awareness and word identification from these variables. Knowledge of letter sounds was better for vowels and for letters with consonant–vowel names than for those with vowel–consonant names or names bearing little relationship to their sounds. However, there were anomalies within each category reflecting characteristics of the individual letters. Structural equation modelling showed that cognitive ability, comprising receptive vocabulary, non-verbal reasoning, rapid automatized naming of colours, and phonological memory significantly contributed to alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness. In turn, letter-name knowledge but not phonological awareness predicted letter-sound knowledge and subsequent reading skill.This research was supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to the first author. Thank you is extended to the participating schools and children and to Ian Newby-Clark for his orientation to AMOS. Michelle Bell, Shelly Moretti and Jodi Page have since graduated from the University of Guelph  相似文献   

人类极限     

Shelley Sperry 《海外英语》2009,(12):20-20

去年12月一位64岁的德鲁斯老妇摔倒在冰上,由于关节炎而无法站立。她在雪中躺了好几个小时,体温降至70华氏度（约21摄氏度）,心跳一度停止,生命垂危。但在医生的抢救下恢复了过来。现代医学仍在研究人类身体承受的极限,但杜克大学的医师德劳德·皮恩塔多斯称过了某个临界点,医生也无力回天。以下就是关于人类承受极限的一些数值。  相似文献   

Helpful components involved in the cognitive-experiential model of dream work     

Hsiu-Lan Shelley Tien  Shuh-Chi Chen  Chia-Huei Lin 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2009,10(4):547-559

The purpose of the study was to examine the helpful components involved in the Hill’s cognitive-experiential dream work model. Participants were 27 volunteer clients from colleges and universities in northern and central parts of Taiwan. Each of the clients received 1–2 sessions of dream interpretations. The cognitive-experiential dream work model was applied to these clients by three therapists. The processes of the dream work were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data, which included a total of 38 sessions for the 27 clients, were analyzed by the Consensus Qualitative Research (CQR) approach to examine the helpful components of the dream work. The results indicated that the general and typical helpful components involved in the process of dream interpretation included four domains: waking-life association, parts of self exploration, gaining insight, and action ideas.  相似文献   

How should organizational leaders use employee engagement survey data?     

Shelley A. Gable  Seung Youn Chyung  Anthony Marker  Donald Winiecki 《Performance Improvement》2010,49(4):17-25

This evaluation study explores how a nonprofit health insurance provider responds to the results of its annual employee engagement survey. The study answers two questions: (a) What do organizational leaders do with the data collected? and (b) How do leaders perceive the usefulness of the survey? It provides study results, discussions, and recommendations relevant to human performance technology practitioners, to help maximize the value of an organizational survey by increasing its usefulness as a catalyst for change.  相似文献   

The predictive validity of kindergarten readiness judgments: Lessons from one state   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jessica Goldstein  D. Betsy McCoach  HuiHui Yu 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(1):50-60

Recent federal investments in early childhood assessment systems are the result of a national need for developmentally appropriate, psychometrically sound instruments to monitor young children and evaluate the effectiveness of their learning programs. In this paper, we examined the association between teachers’ perceptions of their students at the start of kindergarten and academic achievement in Grade 3 with hierarchical linear modeling using state-level data from nearly 30,000 students. The analyses showed that such an association exists even after accounting for student-level and school-level demographic variables and is moderated by the percentage of free-lunch-eligible students in a given school. Implications of these findings related screening and assessment at kindergarten entry are discussed.  相似文献   

Lexical decision with left,right and center visual field presentation: a comparison between dyslexic and regular readers by means of electrophysiological and behavioral measures     

Shelley Shaul 《Reading and writing》2012,25(5):1143-1170

This study examined the differences in processing between regular and dyslexic readers in a lexical decision task in different visual field presentations (left, right, and center). The research utilized behavioral measures that provide information on accuracy and reaction time and electro-physiological measures that permit the examination of brain activity during cognitive processing. Two groups of university students, regular and dyslexic readers, were matched on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status, and handedness. A lexical decision task was used in order to examine the processes during word recognition. Subjects were required to decide whether a sequence of letters constituted a real word existing in spoken language or whether the stimulus seen was not an accurate word. For the behavioral measures, it was found that the dyslexics read slower and with more errors than the regular readers. Moreover, the ERP components appeared later in dyslexics as compared to regular readers in this task. The performance of the dyslexics improved and even approached that of the regular readers when the stimuli were presented to the left visual field. Thus, it seems that the dyslexics were relying more on their right hemisphere for linguistic processing, whereas the regular readers were relying more on their language areas in the left hemisphere.  相似文献